Archive for May, 2007

How To Be A Tattoo Artist

Thursday, May 31st, 2007

It seems that more and more people are getting tattoos or talking about getting one. This is great for the industry and even better for those who would like to get a foot in the door in the tattoo industry. But don’t think for a moment that becoming a professional tattoo artist is easy. There really isn’t any such thing as easy money by becoming a tattoo artist.

To begin with, you will need talent. You will never make it in the tattoo industry by tracing or stenciling, you will need to be able to draw great designs. To even get considered as a tattoo artist, a portfolio is needed. This will require you to draw until your hands ache and then a little more. Your portfolio is your proof that you have the skills that are needed to succeed in the industry. Without a portfolio, don’t even bother.

Once you have a portfolio to showcase your talents, you will need a mentor, someone who is willing to teach you the trade and share their secrets with you. Now this is the tricky thing, tattoo artists don’t like giving away their secrets. If you do find someone good, a real professional who is willing to tell you anything at all about the industry, listen up!

Coal Tattoo, The

Thursday, May 31st, 2007

The Coal Tattoo BY SILAS HOUSE (ALGONQUIN BOOKS OF CHAPELHILL, $24.95)

Kentucky has quite an advocate in this native son. This Bluegrass State author’s previous works-Clay’s Quilt and A Parchment of Leaves-have brought Appalachia to life.

Silas House’s latest novel continues to introduce his beloved land and the families who fight to protect it. We have met these characters in clay ’s Quilt, but here they are younger: the impetuous, beautiful Anneth; her responsible sister, Easter; and other relatives and friends who work in the coal mining country of Black Banks.

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EssenceGirls’ LifeSunsetMothering

Some characters wear coal tattoos, patches of coal buried in the skin after a cave-in-”a faint little hint of blue, like a permanent bruise.. .a sign of survival.” The author brands the readers with a similarly indelible mark as we become enmeshed in the lives of these people; it’s a badge to be worn proudly. WANDA MCKINNEY

Tattoo Removal

Wednesday, May 30th, 2007

Q I recently got a tattoo that I shouldn’t have gotten, and now I wont it removed. How should I go about making it disappear?

E.H., Chicago

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A You should consult a dermatologist who’s trained in laser tattoo technology. Doctors say that even with the new laser technology, professionally applied tattoos with dense pigment can take 6 to 10 sessions to remove, costing $400 to $600 per session. Yellow, brown, orange and white are the toughest colors to remove.

Scotland tattoo - U.S. Army Drill Team performs at Edinburgh Military Tattoo

Wednesday, May 30th, 2007

ONE of the Army’s top performance groups–the U.S. Army Drill Team, part of the 3rd U. S. Infantry (The Old Guard)–recently wrapped up a triumphant month-long tour in Scotland by performing at the world’s largest military pageant, the famed Edinburgh Military Tattoo. The team was part of a nearly 1,000-member cast, which performed nightly at Edinburgh Castle’s historic esplanade before sell-out crowds. The tattoo included units from all over the world.

“It was an outstanding opportunity for the Army Drill Team and the Army as a whole,” said the team’s commander, CPT Nathan Howard.

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The British Broadcasting Company taped three performances of the 56th tattoo, which aired over its affiliates worldwide. The idea of performing for such a vast audience might have unnerved some of team members.

“You couldn’t help but think about it before each show,” said SPC James Denson, a team member who began each finale by tossing his rifle 15 feet through the air to a fellow member of the drill team at the rear of a four-man column.

“During the performances, however, there was no time to be nervous. We just went out and did what we had trained to do,” Denson said.

The team, which was performing outside the United States for the first time since 2000, also enjoyed a rare opportunity to interact professionally and socially with foreign military regiments. Among them were units from Australia, Oman, Bermuda and South Korea. The Drill Team even played a game of basketball with the South Korean soldiers.

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“It was great fun,” said soloist SPC Duane Randall. “Opportunities like that are great for fostering relationships with other countries. In this day and age it’s something I feel we should be doing more often.”

CPL Joe Oh, an interpreter for the South Korean army, echoed Randall’s sentiment.

“Our soldiers were happy to have the opportunity to play with the Americans,” he said. “We found we gravitated to Soldiers of the U.S. Army Drill Team, as they were one of the more approachable and enjoyable groups at the tattoo.”

Tattoo Pigments are Cleaved by Laser Light-The Chemical Analysis In Vitro Provide Evidence for Hazardous Compounds¶

Tuesday, May 29th, 2007

ABSTRACT

In the western world, more than 80 million people decorate their skin with tattoos. Tattoo colorants are injected into the skin, like medical drugs. Most tattoo colorants are industrial pigments, and chemical industries have never produced them for human use but only to stain consumer goods. Up to 10% of tattooed people request removal of their tattoos because of an improved self-image or social stigmatization. In contrast to tattooing, physicians usually perform the tattoo removal. For that purpose laser light at very high intensities irradiates the skin to destroy the tattoo pigments. Based on a recent analysis of tattoo pigments, two widely used azo compounds were irradiated in suspension with laser and subsequently analyzed by using quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The high laser intensities cleaved the azo compounds, leading to an increase of decomposition products such as 2-methyl-5-nitroaniline, 2-5-dichloraniline and 4-nitro-toluene, which are toxic or even carcinogenic compounds. Moreover, the results of the chemical analysis show that the tattoo colorants already contain such compounds before laser irradiation. Because of a high number of patients undergoing laser treatment of tattoos and based on the results of our findings in vitro, it is an important goal to perform a risk assessment in humans regarding laser-induced decomposition products.

Abbreviations: CR, Cardinal Red; 2,5-DCA, 2-5-dichloroaniline; 1,4-DCB, 1-4-dichlorobenzene; HPLC, high-pressure liquid chromatography; 2-MNA, 2-methyl-5-nitroaniline; 4-NT, 4-nitrotoluene.

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INTRODUCTION

In the western world, tattooing seems to be a sign of selfdestructive and rebellious behavior (1). Millions of people have at least one decorative tattoo. Cosmetic tattoos, to mimic eye, lip or eyebrow liner, have also become increasingly popular (2).

In the past, coloring agents were inorganic pigments, whereas for dark blue amateur tattoos, commercially available ink is still in use. Because tattoo compounds in comparison with cosmetics are not officially controlled, the origin and chemical structure of these coloring agents are hardly known. Consequently, neither the tattoo artist nor the tattooed patient has any information about the compounds punctured into the skin.

Recently, an extensive analysis of a large number of tattoo compounds was performed for the first time (3). Most of the commercially available tattoo compounds are organic pigments classified by their chemical constitution (4).

Generally, the tattoo pigments are well tolerated by the skin. Nevertheless, adverse reactions have been published in the literature (5-8). Moreover, several malignant lesions have occurred in tattoos (maybe coincidental) (9-11). Because of an improved self-image or social stigmatization, a significant number of people undergo a therapy of tattoo removal by using predominantly Q-switch lasers. Most of the tattoo pigment is found within cells and not free within the dermis. Although many pigment particles measure “a few microns,” others are significantly larger (12) or when accumulated within cells may act as larger aggregate bodies. According to the principles of selective photothermolysis (13), the laser impulses show a high intensity and ultrashort pulse durations of a few nanoseconds (Q-switched lasers). The laser pulses change the shape and the size of the tattoo particles abruptly as proved by histology (12).

However, the exact mechanisms of action regarding the destruction of tattoo pigments are still unclear. After being absorbed in the pigment molecule, the energy of the laser light is converted to heat or breaks chemical bonds inside the molecule. The ultrashort heating (ca in ns) of the pigment may lead to disruption of the pigment. At the same time, the extremely hot surface of the pigment leads to a rapid expansion of the surrounding water, inducing negative pressure and a shock wave near the surface of the pigment. As demonstrated for a suspension of small particles in water, these shock waves may help destroy the tattooed compounds (14).